The role of facial palsy in staging squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone and external auditory canal: a comparative survival analysis

Abstract

Objectives: The role for facial palsy in the Pittsburgh staging system for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the external auditory canal (EAC) is unclear. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of published studies to determine the impact of facial palsy on survival outcomes.

Data sources: A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, Cochrane, clinicaltrials.gov, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse databases was supplemented by hand searching.

Study selection: Articles selected for final analysis had individual subject data on staging and/or facial nerve function, outcome, and follow-up period.

Data extraction: Data extracted included demographics, type and stage of cancer, survival, and facial nerve status.

Data synthesis: Of 3,046 citations identified by a systematic literature search, 21 case series including 348 subjects with SCC of the EAC met criteria for analysis. The overall and disease-specific survival for subjects with facial palsy were significantly worse than subjects without facial palsy, regardless of stage (p = 0.006 and p = 0.002, respectively). The overall survival outcome for subjects with facial palsy was significantly worse than subjects with stage PITT-2000 T3-designated cancer (p = 0.027) and demonstrated no statistically significant difference from stage PITT-2000 T4-designated cancer (p = 0.897).

Conclusion: This pooled-data survival analysis for SCC of the EAC demonstrates that facial nerve involvement is associated with a poor outcome and that the survival outcomes for subjects with facial palsy more closely parallel the survival curves of advanced stage T4 disease. Disease with facial palsy should be classified as stage T4, in accordance with the PITT-2000 system.