The DNA repair complex Ku70/86 modulates Apaf1 expression upon DNA damage

Cell Death Differ. 2011 Mar;18(3):516-27. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2010.125. Epub 2010 Oct 22.

Abstract

Apaf1 is a key regulator of the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, as it activates executioner caspases by forming the apoptotic machinery apoptosome. Its genetic regulation and its post-translational modification are crucial under the various conditions where apoptosis occurs. Here we describe Ku70/86, a mediator of non-homologous end-joining pathway of DNA repair, as a novel regulator of Apaf1 transcription. Through analysing different Apaf1 promoter mutants, we identified an element repressing the Apaf1 promoter. We demonstrated that Ku70/86 is a nuclear factor able to bind this repressing element and downregulating Apaf1 transcription. We also found that Ku70/86 interaction with Apaf1 promoter is dynamically modulated upon DNA damage. The effect of this binding is a downregulation of Apaf1 expression immediately following the damage to DNA; conversely, we observed Apaf1 upregulation and apoptosis activation when Ku70/86 unleashes the Apaf1-repressing element. Therefore, besides regulating DNA repair, our results suggest that Ku70/86 binds to the Apaf1 promoter and represses its activity. This may help to inhibit the apoptosome pathway of cell death and contribute to regulate cell survival.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, Nuclear / chemistry
  • Antigens, Nuclear / metabolism*
  • Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 / genetics*
  • Cell Death / drug effects
  • Cell Line
  • DNA Damage* / genetics
  • DNA Repair* / drug effects
  • DNA Repair* / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Etoposide / pharmacology
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / pharmacology
  • Ku Autoantigen
  • Mice
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
  • Protein Binding / drug effects
  • Repressor Proteins / metabolism
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
  • Transcription, Genetic / drug effects

Substances

  • Antigens, Nuclear
  • Apaf1 protein, mouse
  • Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Etoposide
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Xrcc6 protein, human
  • Xrcc6 protein, mouse
  • Ku Autoantigen