Risk factors for hospital-acquired 'poor glycemic control': a case-control study

Int J Qual Health Care. 2011 Feb;23(1):44-51. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzq067. Epub 2010 Nov 16.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the patient and hospital characteristics associated with severe manifestations of 'poor glycemic control'-a 'no-pay' hospital-acquired condition defined by the US Medicare program based on hospital claims related to severe complications of diabetes.

Design: A nested case-control study.

Setting: California acute care hospitals from 2005 to 2006.

Participants: All cases (n= 261) with manifestations of poor glycemic control not present on admission admitted to California acute care hospitals from 2005 to 2006 and 261 controls were matched (1:1) using administrative data for age, sex, major diagnostic category and severity of illness.

Main outcome measure(s): The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for experiencing poor glycemic control.

Results: Deaths (16 vs. 9%, P= 0.01) and total costs ($26,125 vs. $18,233, P= 0.026) were significantly higher among poor glycemic control cases. Risk-adjusted conditional logistic regression revealed that each additional chronic condition increased the odds of poor glycemic control by 12% (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.22). The interaction of registered nurse staffing and hospital teaching status suggested that in non-teaching hospitals, each additional nursing hour per adjusted patient day significantly reduced the odds of poor glycemic control by 16% (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.96). Nurse staffing was not significant in teaching hospitals (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.88-1.11).

Conclusions: Severe poor glycemic control complications are relatively rare but meaningful events with disproportionately high costs and mortality. Increasing nurse staffing may be an effective strategy in reducing poor glycemic control complications particularly in non-teaching hospitals.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Blood Glucose / analysis*
  • California
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Comorbidity
  • Diabetes Mellitus / blood*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / etiology*
  • Hospital Administration / statistics & numerical data*
  • Hospitals, Teaching / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / blood
  • Hyperglycemia / etiology
  • Insurance Claim Review / statistics & numerical data
  • Middle Aged
  • Nursing Staff, Hospital / statistics & numerical data
  • Quality of Health Care / statistics & numerical data*
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Sex Factors

Substances

  • Blood Glucose