The effect of melatonin, magnesium, and zinc on primary insomnia in long-term care facility residents in Italy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Jan;59(1):82-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03232.x.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine whether nightly administration of melatonin, magnesium, and zinc improves primary insomnia in long-term care facility residents.

Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Setting: One long-term care facility in Pavia, Italy.

Participants: Forty-three participants with primary insomnia (22 in the supplemented group, 21 in the placebo group) aged 78.3 ± 3.9.

Intervention: Participants took a food supplement (5 mg melatonin, 225 mg magnesium, and 11.25 mg zinc, mixed with 100 g of pear pulp) or placebo (100 g pear pulp) every day for 8 weeks, 1 hour before bedtime.

Measurements: The primary goal was to evaluate sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ), the Short Insomnia Questionnaire (SDQ), and a validated quality-of-life instrument (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36)) were administered as secondary end points. Total sleep time was evaluated using a wearable armband-shaped sensor. All measures were performed at baseline and after 60 days.

Results: The food supplement resulted in considerably better overall PSQI scores than placebo (difference between groups in change from baseline PSQI score=6.8; 95% confidence interval=5.4-8.3, P<.001). Moreover, the significant improvements in all four domains of the LSEQ (ease of getting to sleep, P<.001; quality of sleep, P<.001; hangover on awakening from sleep, P=.005; alertness and behavioral integrity the following morning, P=.001), in SDQ score (P<.001), in total sleep time (P<.001), and in SF-36 physical score (P=.006) suggest that treatment had a beneficial effect on the restorative value of sleep.

Conclusion: The administration of nightly melatonin, magnesium, and zinc appears to improve the quality of sleep and the quality of life in long-term care facility residents with primary insomnia.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Central Nervous System Depressants / adverse effects
  • Central Nervous System Depressants / therapeutic use*
  • Dietary Supplements* / adverse effects
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intention to Treat Analysis
  • Italy
  • Long-Term Care
  • Magnesium / adverse effects
  • Magnesium / therapeutic use*
  • Male
  • Melatonin / adverse effects
  • Melatonin / therapeutic use*
  • Nursing Homes
  • Quality of Life
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / drug therapy*
  • Zinc / adverse effects
  • Zinc / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Central Nervous System Depressants
  • Magnesium
  • Zinc
  • Melatonin