Objective: The objective of this project was to test, in a residency training context, a novel methodology based on failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to improve postoperative pain management in older adults. The methodology forms adaptive self-empowered learning teams that prioritize and address the threats to quality they face in their own unique setting. Methods: On a postoperative floor at a teaching hospital, an Error Reduction Intervention Cycle was implemented, including an FMEA-based survey that elicits perceptions of frequency and severity of various types/causes of pain management errors, followed by meetings to reach consensus regarding priorities and feasible solutions. Results: The floor team developed a common set of priorities for improvement. Team members jointly developed solutions that are currently being implemented, including both system changes and educational interventions. Conclusion: This proactive methodology actively engaged surgical residents in quality improvement as part of an interdisciplinary team and has the potential to foster a culture of safety.