Inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 as a compensatory mechanism for mitosis exit

Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Apr;31(7):1478-91. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00891-10. Epub 2011 Jan 24.

Abstract

The current paradigm states that exit from mitosis is triggered by the ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) acting in concert with an activator called CDC20. While this has been well established for a number of systems, the evidence of a critical role of CDC20 in somatic cells is not unequivocal. In this study, we reexamined whether mitotic exit can occur properly after CDC20 is depleted. Using single-cell analysis, we found that CDC20 depletion with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) significantly impaired the degradation of APC/C substrates and delayed mitotic exit in various cancer cell lines. The recruitment of cyclin B1 to the core APC/C was defective after CDC20 downregulation. Nevertheless, CDC20-depleted cells were still able to complete mitosis, albeit requiring twice the normal time. Intriguingly, a high level of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)-inhibitory phosphorylation was induced during mitotic exit in CDC20-depleted cells. The expression of an siRNA-resistant CDC20 rescued both the mitotic exit delay and the CDK1-inhibitory phosphorylation. Moreover, the expression of a nonphosphorylatable CDK1 mutant or the downregulation of WEE1 and MYT1 abolished mitotic exit in CDC20-depleted cells. These findings indicate that, in the absence of sufficient APC/C activity, an alternative mechanism that utilized the classic inhibitory phosphorylation of CDK1 could mediate mitotic exit.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anaphase
  • Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
  • CDC2 Protein Kinase / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • CDC2 Protein Kinase / metabolism
  • Cdc20 Proteins
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
  • Cyclin B1 / metabolism
  • Cytoprotection
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Down-Regulation
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Microscopy
  • Mitosis*
  • Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
  • Substrate Specificity
  • Time-Lapse Imaging
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / metabolism

Substances

  • Cdc20 Proteins
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Cyclin B1
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • MYT1 protein, human
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Transcription Factors
  • CDC20 protein, human
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
  • Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
  • WEE1 protein, human
  • CDC2 Protein Kinase