Raftlin is involved in the nucleocapture complex to induce poly(I:C)-mediated TLR3 activation

J Biol Chem. 2011 Mar 25;286(12):10702-11. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.185793. Epub 2011 Jan 25.

Abstract

The double-stranded RNA analog, poly(I:C), extracellularly activates both the endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and the cytoplasmic RNA helicase, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, leading to the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. The mechanism by which extracellular poly(I:C) is delivered to TLR3-positive organelles and the cytoplasm remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic lipid raft protein, Raftlin, is essential for poly(I:C) cellular uptake in human myeloid dendritic cells and epithelial cells. When Raftlin was silenced, poly(I:C) failed to enter cells and induction of IFN-β production was inhibited. In addition, cellular uptake of B-type oligodeoxynucleotide that shares its uptake receptor with poly(I:C) was suppressed in Raftlin knockdown cells. Upon poly(I:C) stimulation, Raftlin was translocated from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane where it colocalized with poly(I:C), and thereafter moved to TLR3-positive endosomes. Thus, Raftlin cooperates with the uptake receptor to mediate cell entry of poly(I:C), which is critical for activation of TLR3.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Membrane / genetics
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Dendritic Cells / cytology
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism*
  • Endosomes / genetics
  • Endosomes / metabolism
  • Gene Silencing
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Interferon Inducers / pharmacology*
  • Interferon-beta / biosynthesis
  • Interferon-beta / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Myeloid Cells / cytology
  • Myeloid Cells / metabolism*
  • Poly I-C / pharmacology*
  • Toll-Like Receptor 3 / agonists
  • Toll-Like Receptor 3 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 3 / metabolism*

Substances

  • Interferon Inducers
  • Membrane Proteins
  • RFTN1 protein, human
  • TLR3 protein, human
  • TLR3 protein, mouse
  • Toll-Like Receptor 3
  • Interferon-beta
  • Poly I-C