Sodium pyruvate modulates cell death pathways in HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to half-mustard gas

Int J Toxicol. 2011 Mar;30(2):197-206. doi: 10.1177/1091581810390824. Epub 2011 Feb 7.

Abstract

2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) or half-mustard gas, a sulfur mustard (HD) analog, is a genotoxic agent that causes oxidative stress and induces both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Sodium pyruvate induced a necrosis-to-apoptosis shift in HaCaT cells exposed to CEES levels ≤ 1.5 mmol/L and lowered markers of DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study provides a rationale for the future development of multicomponent therapies for HD toxicity in the skin. We hypothesize that a combination of pyruvates with scavengers/antioxidants encapsulated in liposomes for optimal local delivery should be therapeutically beneficial against HD-induced skin injury. However, the latter suggestion should be verified in animal models exposed to HD.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Antioxidants / pharmacology*
  • Apoptosis
  • Biomarkers
  • Cells, Cultured
  • DNA Damage / drug effects
  • Drug Combinations
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / chemically induced
  • Keratinocytes / drug effects*
  • Liposomes / metabolism
  • Mustard Gas / analogs & derivatives*
  • Mustard Gas / toxicity
  • Necrosis / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Pyruvates / pharmacology*
  • Skin / drug effects*
  • Skin / pathology

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Biomarkers
  • Drug Combinations
  • Liposomes
  • Pyruvates
  • 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide
  • Mustard Gas