Periodontal pathogen carriage, rather than periodontitis, determines the serum antibody levels

J Clin Periodontol. 2011 May;38(5):405-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01703.x. Epub 2011 Mar 1.

Abstract

Aim: We investigated in a nationally representative sample, how periodontitis modifies the association between the carriage of periodontal pathogens and serology.

Materials and methods: The population comprised 1586 dentate subjects who participated in an interview, clinical and radiological oral health examination, and saliva collection. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA)- and IgG-class antibody levels against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis and their salivary occurrence were determined in the whole population. The quantity of the pathogens was measured in a subpopulation.

Results: In the univariate analyses, the corresponding antibody levels were higher in the pathogen carriers compared with the non-carriers, and clearly higher in the carriers with periodontal pockets compared with the carriers without. In the multi-variate analyses, however, all antibody levels associated strongly with age (p<0.001) and the carriage of the corresponding pathogen (p<0.001), but only weakly with the presence or number of teeth with periodontal pockets. In the subpopulation, the antibody levels and the numbers of corresponding bacteria in saliva had a positive association, which was not affected by the disease.

Conclusions: The carriage of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis is the strongest determinant of the systemic antibody response to these pathogens, and the extent of periodontitis has at most a modest modifying effect.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / immunology*
  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / isolation & purification
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / blood*
  • Colony Count, Microbial
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin A / analysis
  • Immunoglobulin A / blood
  • Immunoglobulin G / analysis
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mouth / microbiology
  • Periodontitis / blood
  • Periodontitis / immunology*
  • Periodontitis / microbiology
  • Poisson Distribution
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis / immunology*
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis / isolation & purification
  • Regression Analysis
  • Saliva / chemistry
  • Saliva / immunology*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Bacterial
  • Immunoglobulin A
  • Immunoglobulin G