Candida non-albicans versus Candida albicans fungemia in the non-neonatal pediatric population

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011 Aug;30(8):664-8. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318213da0f.

Abstract

Background: Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species have been implicated as major pathogens in patients with hospital-acquired candidemia. Few studies have investigated the impact of NAC fungemia among pediatric patients outside of the neonatal age group.

Materials/methods: Between 2000 and 2009, we performed a retrospective case-control study in children aged 6 months to ≤18 years with blood culture proven candidemia at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.

Results: A total of 276 episodes of candidemia occurred in 226 patients. The overall incidence ranged between 0.06 and 0.3 per 1000 inpatient days. The median patient age was 50 months (range, 6 months to ≤18 years) with 55.4% males; 40.2% Hispanics; and 31.8% whites. Candida albicans (CA) was the most common (44.2%) species although, collectively, NAC was more frequently (55.8%) isolated. Among the NAC group, Candida parapsilosis was most common (23.9%) followed by Candida tropicalis (14.8%), Candida glabrata (6.5%), and Candida lusitaniae (5.4%). No difference was found between CA and NAC candidemia in terms of demographics, underlying diagnosis, risk factors, clinical features, dissemination, or 30-day mortality. Disseminated candidiasis was independently associated with the use of vasopressors (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.58; confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-20.5; P = 0.05), prolonged fungemia (≥3 days of persistently positive cultures) after catheter removal (OR, 3.2; CI: 1.08-9.3; P = 0.04), and neutropenia (OR, 4.06; CI: 1.2-13.2; P = 0.02), but not with NAC fungemia.

Conclusions: Though CA was the single most common species, NAC species collectively have emerged as the predominant pathogens responsible for candidemia in non-neonatal patients at our institution. Risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes were not different between the 2 groups.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Age Distribution
  • Candida / classification*
  • Candida / isolation & purification*
  • Candidemia / epidemiology*
  • Candidemia / microbiology*
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Ethnicity
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Texas / epidemiology