The paper gives the results of a study of the impact of dopamine (DRD2) and serotonin (5HTR2A) genes on the development of personality characteristics in adolescents, by applying the Cattell (16PF) questionnaire. The study was performed in a group of 360 Moscow teenagers (185 girls and 175 boys) aged 14-17 years. The boys carrying the A1 allelle of the DRD2 gene were found to have a lower self-control, indiscipline, and impulsiveness. An association between the indicators of unconscientiousness, social introversion, and group independence was established in the girls with the G/G genotype of the 5HTR2A gene. Thus, gender differences have been revealed from the impact of dopamine and serotonin gene polymorphisms on the teenagers' personality characteristics that characterize the forms of disadaptive behavior, such as unconscientiousness, indiscipline, low self-control, and impulsiveness.