Objective: To analyze phenotype and genotype of three Chinese pedigrees with von Willebrand disease (vWD), and explore the molecular mechanism.
Methods: Bleeding time (BT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA), von Willebrand factor (vWF): ristocetin cofactor (RCof) (vWF:RCof), vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), vWF activity (vWF:A) test, vWF collagen binding assay (vWF:CB), vWF and Factor VIII (FVIII) binding assay (vWF:FVIII:B) and multimer analysis were used for phenotype diagnosis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood (PB). All the 52 exons and flanking sequences of the probands' vWF gene were amplified by PCR and analyzed by direct sequencing.
Results: APTT were prolonged in all three probands, while BT were normal excepting for proband 3. Plasma RIPA, vWF:RCo, vWF:Ag, vWF:A and vWF:CB were decreased in different extents. In multimer analysis, proband 3 lost the large and intermediate molecular weight multimers, while proband 1 and 2 were normal. Gene analysis in the three probands revealed three heterozygous missense mutations of 144067 G→A (R2287Q) in exon 39, 110374G→A (R1374H) and 110770C→T (S1506L) in exon 28 and heterozygous polymorphism 110667G→A (D1472H) in exon 28, respectively.
Conclusion: The three heterozygous mutations (R2287Q, R1374H and S1506L) and an heterozygous polymorphism (D1472H) are genetic defects of the hereditary vWD of the three pedigrees respectively. R2287Q is a novel mutation reported for the first time in the literature.