Based on the China 1:1000000 vegetation type map, and by using GIS spatial analysis, the spatial pattern of major vegetation landscape diversity indices and its relationships with environmental factors in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) were analyzed. The proper scale for studying the vegetation landscape diversity in LRGR was 2000 m. In the study region, an obvious regional difference was observed in the vegetation landscape diversity indices, exhibiting typical longitudinal "corridor" and latitudinal "barrier" characteristics. The correlations between the vegetation landscape diversity indices and environmental elements were significant, and the regional difference in the environmental elements was the main factor controlling the spatial pattern of vegetation landscape diversity indices. The "corridor-barrier" function of the longitudinal range-gorge terrain made a spatial redistribution of hydro-thermal conditions, being the main cause of the special pattern of the vegetation landscape diversity in LRGR.