Catchment-scale quantification of hyporheic denitrification using an isotopic and solute flux approach

Environ Sci Technol. 2011 May 1;45(9):3967-73. doi: 10.1021/es104322q. Epub 2011 Apr 11.

Abstract

A dual-isotope and solute flux mass-balance was used to elucidate the processes that lead to attenuation of nitrogen contamination in an agriculturally impacted river. The River Wensum drains a lowland catchment with an area of 570 km² in East Anglia, eastern England. Analysis of nitrate concentration, δ¹⁵N(NO₃) and δ¹⁸O(NO₃) of samples from the River Wensum collected from upstream locations to the catchment outlet through all seasons and flow conditions showed a consistent pattern of increasing isotope values with decreasing nitrate concentrations downstream. δ¹⁵N(NO₃) and δ¹⁸O(NO₃) of catchment surface water and groundwater samples revealed a dominant influence from microbially cycled and nitrified source-nitrogen, which results in high nitrate concentrations in Chalk groundwater and upstream in the River Wensum. Denitrification of Chalk groundwater-baseflow in the hyporheic zone results in the downstream trend observed in the river. Hyporheic denitrification is estimated to remove 931 kg/day of nitrate-nitrogen by the catchment outlet, representing 31% of the potential riverine nitrate load. The use of dual-isotope and solute flux modeling at the catchment scale is a novel application to quantify denitrification within the river valley, demonstrating the importance of hyporheic zone processes in attenuating the impacts of anthropogenic contamination of hydrologic systems.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Agriculture
  • Chlorides / analysis
  • Denitrification
  • England
  • Environmental Monitoring*
  • Fresh Water / analysis*
  • Isotopes / analysis
  • Models, Chemical
  • Nitrates / analysis*
  • Nitrates / isolation & purification
  • Nitrogen / analysis*
  • Nitrogen / isolation & purification
  • Water Movements
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical

Substances

  • Chlorides
  • Isotopes
  • Nitrates
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Nitrogen