Tobacco genes encoding the PR-1a protein and a glycine-rich protein are expressed after treatment of plants with salicylate or infection with tobacco mosaic virus. Upstream sequences of these genes were fused to reporter genes, and these constructs were used to transform tobacco. Upstream sequences of the PR-1a gene of 689 base pairs or longer were sufficient for induction of the reporter gene in tobacco mosaic virus-inoculated leaves, systemically induced leaves from infected plants, and leaves treated with salicylate. No such induction was found with upstream sequences of 643 base pairs or shorter of the PR-1a gene. When the PR-1a upstream sequence from nucleotides -625 to -902 was fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S core promoter, a construct was obtained that conferred tobacco mosaic virus and salicylate inducibility to the reporter gene in transgenic plants. This confirmed the localization of tobacco mosaic virus- and salicylate-responsive elements between positions -643 and -689 in the PR-1a promoter. With the glycine-rich protein gene, an upstream sequence of 645 base pairs was sufficient for tobacco mosaic virus and salicylate inducibility of the reporter gene, whereas constructs containing 400 base pairs or fewer of the glycine-rich protein promoter were largely inactive.