Inverted-U-shaped dopamine actions on human working memory and cognitive control

Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Jun 15;69(12):e113-25. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.028. Epub 2011 May 4.

Abstract

Brain dopamine (DA) has long been implicated in cognitive control processes, including working memory. However, the precise role of DA in cognition is not well-understood, partly because there is large variability in the response to dopaminergic drugs both across different behaviors and across different individuals. We review evidence from a series of studies with experimental animals, healthy humans, and patients with Parkinson's disease, which highlight two important factors that contribute to this large variability. First, the existence of an optimum DA level for cognitive function implicates the need to take into account baseline levels of DA when isolating the effects of DA. Second, cognitive control is a multifactorial phenomenon, requiring a dynamic balance between cognitive stability and cognitive flexibility. These distinct components might implicate the prefrontal cortex and the striatum, respectively. Manipulating DA will thus have paradoxical consequences for distinct cognitive control processes, depending on distinct basal or optimal levels of DA in different brain regions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cognition / drug effects
  • Cognition / physiology*
  • Corpus Striatum / drug effects
  • Corpus Striatum / physiology
  • Dopamine / metabolism
  • Dopamine / physiology*
  • Dopamine Agents / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Individuality
  • Memory, Short-Term / drug effects
  • Memory, Short-Term / physiology*
  • Models, Biological
  • Prefrontal Cortex / drug effects
  • Prefrontal Cortex / metabolism
  • Prefrontal Cortex / physiology*
  • Psychomotor Performance / drug effects
  • Psychomotor Performance / physiology

Substances

  • Dopamine Agents
  • Dopamine