Glycemic responses to sweetened dried and raw cranberries in humans with type 2 diabetes

J Food Sci. 2010 Oct;75(8):H218-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01800.x.

Abstract

This study assessed the metabolic response to sweetened dried cranberries (SDC), raw cranberries (RC), and white bread (WB) in humans with type 2 diabetes. Development of palatable cranberry preparations associated with lower glycemic responses may be useful for improving fruit consumption and glycemic control among those with diabetes. In this trial, type 2 diabetics (n= 13) received WB (57 g, 160 cal, 1 g fiber), RC (55 g, 21 cal, 1 g fiber), SDC (40 g, 138 cal, 2.1 g fiber), and SDC containing less sugar (SDC-LS, 40 g, 113 cal, 1.8 g fiber + 10 g polydextrose). Plasma glucose (mmol/L) peaked significantly at 60 min for WB, and at 30 min for RC, SDC, and SDC-LS at 9.6 ± 0.4, 7.0 ± 0.4, 9.6 ± 0.5, and 8.7 ± 0.5, respectively, WB remained significantly elevated from the other treatments at 120 min. Plasma insulin (pmol/mL) peaked at 60 min for WB and SDC and at 30 min for RC and SDC-LS at 157 ± 15, 142 ± 27, 61 ± 8, and 97 ± 11, respectively. Plasma insulin for SDC-LS was significantly lower at 60 min than either WB or SDC. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) values for RC and SDC-LS were both significantly lower than WB or SDC. Phenolic content of SDC and SDC-LS was determined following extraction with 80% acetone prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electronspray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and found to be rich in 5-caffeoylquinic cid, quercetin-3-galactoside, and quercetin-3-galactoside, and the proanthocyanidin dimer epicatechin. In conclusion, SDC-LS was associated with a favorable glycemic and insulinemic response in type 2 diabetics. Practical Application: This study compares phenolic content and glycemic responses among different cranberry products. The study seeks to expand the palatable and portable healthy food choices for persons with type 2 diabetes. The novel use of polydextrose as a bulking agent making possible a reduction in caloric content and potential glycemic response is also characterized in this study.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Cinnamates / analysis
  • Cinnamates / chemistry
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / diet therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / psychology
  • Dietary Sucrose / administration & dosage
  • Dietary Sucrose / adverse effects*
  • Female
  • Flavonoids / analysis
  • Flavonoids / chemistry
  • Food Additives / adverse effects
  • Food Handling*
  • Food Preferences
  • Food, Preserved* / adverse effects
  • Food, Preserved* / analysis
  • Fruit* / adverse effects
  • Fruit* / chemistry
  • Galactosides / analysis
  • Galactosides / chemistry
  • Glucans / adverse effects
  • Glycemic Index*
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / prevention & control
  • Insulin / blood
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Minnesota
  • Phenols / analysis
  • Phenols / chemistry
  • Polyphenols
  • Vaccinium macrocarpon* / adverse effects
  • Vaccinium macrocarpon* / chemistry

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Cinnamates
  • Dietary Sucrose
  • Flavonoids
  • Food Additives
  • Galactosides
  • Glucans
  • Insulin
  • Phenols
  • Polyphenols
  • polydextrose