Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, displays a wide variety of internal biological activities; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fucoidan's anti-inflammatory activity remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of fucoidan on production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in BV2 microglia. Our data indicated that fucoidan treatment significantly inhibited excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. It also attenuated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Moreover, fucoidan exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and AKT pathways. These finding suggest that fucoidan may offer substantial therapeutic potential for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by microglial activation.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
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Cells, Cultured
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Chemokine CCL2 / genetics
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Chemokine CCL2 / metabolism
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / genetics
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
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Dinoprostone / antagonists & inhibitors
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Dinoprostone / metabolism
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Down-Regulation
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Fucus / chemistry
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Interleukin-1beta / genetics
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Interleukin-1beta / metabolism
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Lipopolysaccharides / adverse effects
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Mice
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Microglia / cytology
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Microglia / drug effects*
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Microglia / metabolism
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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NF-kappa B / antagonists & inhibitors*
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NF-kappa B / genetics
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Nitric Oxide / antagonists & inhibitors
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Nitric Oxide / metabolism
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / genetics
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
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Plant Extracts / pharmacology
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Polysaccharides / pharmacology*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
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Rabbits
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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Chemokine CCL2
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Interleukin-1beta
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Lipopolysaccharides
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NF-kappa B
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Plant Extracts
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Polysaccharides
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Nitric Oxide
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fucoidan
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Dinoprostone