The effects of medical radiation exposure in childhood can last a lifetime. As more American children are exposed to repeated diagnostic imaging examinations, concerns have been raised about the potential harm from early medical irradiation. Diagnostic imaging personnel have a responsibility to ensure strict and consistent observance of the "as low as reasonably achievable" (ALARA) principle. Radiation risks are greater for children, which makes strict compliance with radiation protection practices a public health imperative. Radiologic technologists play a central role in radiation protection for children. This Directed Reading reviews the biologic effects and risks of ionizing radiation among children and the use of radiation protection to minimize medical radiation doses in the pediatric population.