This study, comparing transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration with laparoscopic-guided follicle aspiration for in vitro fertilization confirms that the use of laparoscopy appears to have no advantage for oocyte recovery over the ultrasonically directed technique. The latter offers potential benefits of less trauma, less risk, less morbidity, avoidance of general anesthesia, decreased operating room and personnel time, decreased expense, and in general, greater acceptance.