Hypothyroidism among former workers of a nuclear weapons facility

Am J Ind Med. 2011 Dec;54(12):955-64. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20979. Epub 2011 Jun 20.

Abstract

Background: Ionizing radiation alters thyroid function, and workers at a nuclear weapons facility may be exposed to above environmental levels of radiation.

Methods: Hypothyroid status was determined for 622 former workers of a nuclear weapons facility located in Texas, using a combination of measured thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and thyroid medication history, as part of an on-going health surveillance program. We classified 916 unique job titles into 35 job categories.

Results: According to the most stringent TSH definition used in this study (0.3-3.0 IU/ml), 174 (28.0%) former workers were considered to be hypothyroid; of these 66 (41.8%) were females and 108 (23.3%) were males. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and smoking status, only having worked as a material handler (n = 18) exhibited an elevated risk of developing hypothyroidism compared to other jobs (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.43-11.07). This is one of the jobs with suspected exposure to radiation. No excess risk of hypothyroidism was observed for any of the other job categories.

Conclusions: There is suggestive evidence that only material handlers at this nuclear weapons facility may have elevated risk of hypothyroidism; further evaluation of thyroid health in this population is warranted.

MeSH terms

  • Body Mass Index
  • Confidence Intervals
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypothyroidism / epidemiology*
  • Hypothyroidism / etiology
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nuclear Weapons*
  • Occupational Diseases / epidemiology
  • Occupational Diseases / etiology
  • Occupational Health
  • Odds Ratio
  • Population Surveillance
  • Radiation, Ionizing*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Texas / epidemiology
  • Thyrotropin / radiation effects*
  • United States / epidemiology

Substances

  • Thyrotropin