Administration of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor enhances the intestinal adaptation in a mouse model of short bowel syndrome

Surgery. 2011 Aug;150(2):217-23. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2011.05.013. Epub 2011 Jun 30.

Abstract

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-2 induces small intestine mucosal epithelial cell proliferation and may have benefit for patients who suffer from short bowel syndrome. However, glucagon-like peptide-2 is inactivated rapidly in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Therefore, we hypothesized that selectively inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV would prolong the circulating life of glucagon-like peptide-2 and lead to increased intestinal adaptation after development of short bowel syndrome.

Methods: Eight-week old C57BL/6J mice underwent a 50% proximal small bowel resection and were treated with either sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitor, starting 1 day before surgery versus placebo. The efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitor was assessed 3 days after resection, including intestinal morphology, epithelial cell apoptosis, and epithelial cell proliferation. Adaptive mechanisms were assessed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and plasma bioactive glucagon-like peptide-2 was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results: Body weight loss and peripheral blood glucose levels did not change compared with short bowel syndrome controls. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitor treatment led to significant increases in villus height and crypt depth. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitor treatment did not change EC apoptosis rates significantly, but it did increase crypt epithelial cell proliferation significantly versus placebo-short bowel syndrome controls. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitor treatment markedly increased messenger RNA expression of β-catenin and c-myc in ileal mucosa. Plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 levels increased significantly (∼ 40.9%) in dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitor short bowel syndrome mice.

Conclusion: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitor treatment increased short bowel syndrome adaptation and might potentially be useful for short bowel syndrome patients.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adaptation, Physiological / drug effects
  • Animals
  • Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 / metabolism
  • Intestine, Small / drug effects
  • Intestine, Small / metabolism*
  • Intestine, Small / surgery
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Short Bowel Syndrome / drug therapy*
  • Short Bowel Syndrome / etiology

Substances

  • Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 2