Calcium and vitamin D for obesity: a review of randomized controlled trials

Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Sep;65(9):994-1004. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.106. Epub 2011 Jul 6.

Abstract

Obesity often coexists with low calcium intake and vitamin D insufficiency. There is emerging evidence of a role for these nutrients in the regulation of body weight. However, it is unclear whether increasing intakes of calcium and/or vitamin D during energy restriction, is a better strategy for weight and fat loss. We searched the literature from 2000 to date for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on weight loss that had increased calcium or vitamin D per se, or in combination. Primary and secondary studies were included for this analysis. A total of 15 RCTs on calcium with or without vitamin D and seven on vitamin D alone met our criteria. Two studies reported that supplemental calcium significantly increased fat loss during caloric restriction by 1.8 and 2.2 kg, three found differences between 1 and 3.5 kg but were statistically nonsignificant, while nine trials were equivocal (±0.7 kg). The data on vitamin D supplementation during weight loss were too few to make firm conclusions. Current evidence from RCTs did not consistently support the contention that calcium and vitamin D accelerated weight or fat loss in obesity. There were studies that favoured the hypothesis but lacked the statistical power. There is a need for RCTs to examine the influence of vitamin D on body fat.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adipose Tissue / drug effects
  • Calcium, Dietary / therapeutic use*
  • Dietary Supplements*
  • Humans
  • Obesity / drug therapy*
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Vitamin D / therapeutic use*
  • Vitamins / therapeutic use*
  • Weight Loss

Substances

  • Calcium, Dietary
  • Vitamins
  • Vitamin D