Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
- PMID: 21735380
- DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000333.pub2
Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is a condition resulting in an increased risk of skeletal fractures due to a reduction in the density of bone tissue. Treatment of osteoporosis typically involves the use of pharmacological agents. In general it is thought that disuse (prolonged periods of inactivity) and unloading of the skeleton promotes reduced bone mass, whereas mechanical loading through exercise increases bone mass.
Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of exercise interventions in preventing bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women.
Search strategy: During the update of this review we updated the original search strategy by searching up to December 2010 the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group's Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, 2010 Issue 12); MEDLINE; EMBASE; HealthSTAR; Sports Discus; CINAHL; PEDro; Web of Science; Controlled Clinical Trials; and AMED. We attempted to identify other studies by contacting experts, searching reference lists and searching trial registers.
Selection criteria: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that met our predetermined inclusion criteria.
Data collection and analysis: Pairs of members of the review team extracted the data and assessed trial quality using predetermined forms. For dichotomous outcomes (fractures), we calculated risk ratios (RRs) using a fixed-effect model. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MDs) of the percentage change from baseline. Where heterogeneity existed (determined by the I(2) statistic), we used a random-effects model.
Main results: Forty-three RCTs (27 new in this update) with 4320 participants met the inclusion criteria. The most effective type of exercise intervention on bone mineral density (BMD) for the neck of femur appears to be non-weight bearing high force exercise such as progressive resistance strength training for the lower limbs (MD 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 1.82). The most effective intervention for BMD at the spine was combination exercise programmes (MD 3.22; 95% CI 1.80 to 4.64) compared with control groups. Fractures and falls were reported as adverse events in some studies. There was no effect on numbers of fractures (odds ratio (OR) 0.61; 95% CI 0.23 to 1.64). Overall, the quality of the reporting of studies in the meta-analyses was low, in particular in the areas of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding and loss to follow-up.
Authors' conclusions: Our results suggest a relatively small statistically significant, but possibly important, effect of exercise on bone density compared with control groups. Exercise has the potential to be a safe and effective way to avert bone loss in postmenopausal women.
Update of
-
Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD000333. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000333. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 06;(7):CD000333. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000333.pub2. PMID: 12137611 Updated. Review.
Similar articles
-
Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD000333. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000333. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 06;(7):CD000333. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000333.pub2. PMID: 12137611 Updated. Review.
-
Strontium ranelate for preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD005326. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005326.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD005326. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005326.pub3. PMID: 16856092 Updated. Review.
-
Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.Bone. 2008 Sep;43(3):521-31. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.05.012. Epub 2008 May 26. Bone. 2008. PMID: 18602880
-
Progressive high-intensity resistance training and bone mineral density changes among premenopausal women: evidence of discordant site-specific skeletal effects.Sports Med. 2006;36(8):683-704. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636080-00005. Sports Med. 2006. PMID: 16869710 Review.
-
Risedronate for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD004523. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004523. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(1):CD004523. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004523.pub2. PMID: 14584020 Updated. Review.
Cited by
-
Pain Intervention for Osteoporotic Compression Fracture, From Physical Therapy to Surgery: A Literature Review.Korean J Neurotrauma. 2024 Sep 25;20(3):159-167. doi: 10.13004/kjnt.2024.20.e32. eCollection 2024 Sep. Korean J Neurotrauma. 2024. PMID: 39372117 Free PMC article. Review.
-
[Osteoporosis-Definition, risk assessment, diagnosis, prevention and treatment (update 2024) : Guidelines of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research].Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2024 Oct;136(Suppl 16):599-668. doi: 10.1007/s00508-024-02441-2. Epub 2024 Oct 2. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2024. PMID: 39356323 Free PMC article. German.
-
An In Vitro Orbital Flow Model to Study Mechanical Loading Effects on Osteoblasts.Biology (Basel). 2024 Aug 23;13(9):646. doi: 10.3390/biology13090646. Biology (Basel). 2024. PMID: 39336074 Free PMC article.
-
Feasibility Study of Community-Based Training for Musculoskeletal Health Promotion.F1000Res. 2024 Sep 4;11:51. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.73698.3. eCollection 2022. F1000Res. 2024. PMID: 39263388 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Mitigating aging and doxorubicin induced bone loss in mature mice via mechanobiology based treatments.Bone. 2024 Nov;188:117235. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117235. Epub 2024 Aug 13. Bone. 2024. PMID: 39147353
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Research Materials
Miscellaneous
