In a placebo-controlled double blind clinical trial, 38 out-patients with anxiety associated with neurotic or psychosomatic disturbances were treated with D,L-Kavain (Neuronika) or Oxazepam. The anxiolytic effectiveness of the two preparations was judged by means of the Anxiety Status Inventory (ASI) and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) of Zung. The substances proved to be equivalent in the nature and potency of anxiolytic action. No adverse drug reactions occurred.