Anticipatory ex ante moral hazard and the effect of Medicare on prevention

Health Econ. 2011 Sep;20(9):1056-72. doi: 10.1002/hec.1778.

Abstract

This paper extends the ex ante moral hazard model to allow healthy lifestyles to reduce the probability of illness in future periods, so that current preventive behaviour may be affected by anticipated changes in future insurance coverage. In the United States, Medicare is offered to almost all the population at the age of 65. We use nine waves of the US Health and Retirement Study to compare lifestyles before and after 65 of those insured and not insured pre 65. The double-robust approach, which combines propensity score and regression, is used to compare trends in lifestyle (physical activity, smoking, drinking) of the two groups before and after receiving Medicare, using both difference-in-differences and difference-in-differences-in-differences. There is no clear effect of the receipt of Medicare or its anticipation on alcohol consumption nor smoking behaviour, but the previously uninsured do reduce physical activity just before receiving Medicare.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Alcohol Drinking / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Health Behavior*
  • Health Services / economics
  • Health Services / ethics
  • Health Services / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Insurance Coverage / economics
  • Insurance Coverage / ethics
  • Insurance Coverage / statistics & numerical data*
  • Male
  • Medically Uninsured / statistics & numerical data*
  • Medicare / economics
  • Medicare / statistics & numerical data*
  • Middle Aged
  • Morals
  • Motor Activity
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Regression Analysis
  • Smoking / epidemiology
  • United States / epidemiology