Prosaposin sorting is mediated by oligomerization

Abstract

The compartmental nature of eukaryotic cells requires sophisticated mechanisms of protein sorting. Prosaposin, the precursor of four sphingolipid activator proteins, is transported from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to lysosomes as a partially glycosylated (65 kDa) protein with high-mannose/hybrid oligosaccharides. Prosaposin is also found in the extracellular space where it is secreted as a fully glycosylated (70 kDa) protein composed of complex glycans. Although the trafficking of prosaposin to lysosomes is known to be mediated by sortilin, the mechanism of secretion of this protein is still unknown. In this study, we report that prosaposin may covalently aggregate into oligomers. Our results demonstrate that while prosaposin oligomers are secreted into the extracellular space, monomeric prosaposin remains inside the cell bound to sortilin. We also found that deletion of the C-terminus of prosaposin, previously shown to block its lysosomal transport, did not abolish its oligomerization and secretion. On the other hand, elimination of the N-terminus and of each saposin domain inhibited its oligomerization and resulted in its retention as a fully glycosylated protein. In conclusion, we are reporting for the first time that oligomerization of prosaposin is crucial for its entry into the secretory pathway.