Substantial progress has been made in measuring the burden of nosocomial infection in pediatric patients, particularly in certain populations (e.g., critical care, immunocompromised, chronic care, and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and after certain procedures (e.g., central catheter lines and open-sternum cardiovascular surgery). Preventive measures, such as the use of goggles, gowns, and gloves, have been subjected to new and additional study. The following report is a summary of recent progress. A review of factors responsible for infection in various patient care populations and settings and recommendations for control are presented.