Advanced imaging technologies including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have immensely expanded possibilities in imaging and surgery. The accurate visualization of bones and soft tissue has transformed the surgical management of numerous diseases, including middle ear disease, orthopedic and reconstructive cases, and cancer. In fact, in surgical subspecialties such as neurosurgery, CT and MRI are the diagnostic modalities of choice for preoperative evaluation of patients. Furthermore, the ongoing development of the newer imaging technologies continues to expand image-guided surgical treatments. The development of new radiological modalities combined with the modern training of surgeons will provide an exciting landscape for future practicing physicians.