The effect of school bag design and load on spinal posture during stair use by children

Ergonomics. 2011 Dec;54(12):1207-13. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2011.615415.

Abstract

Thirteen male children ascending and descending stairs with loads that equalled 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of their body weight were the subject of our research: the boys were wearing an asymmetrical single-strap athletic bag or a symmetrical double-strap backpack during our experiments with them. The maximum spinal tilt to the loading side and to the support side, and the range of spinal motions, were obtained by using a motion analysis system. Our results showed that symmetry of spinal posture was observed both when they ascended staircase with all loads and descended in a backpack. When carrying an athletic bag with 15% and 20% of their body weight while ascending the staircase, the lateral spinal tilt to the supporting side was significantly increased. We concluded that a symmetrical backpack with a load not exceeding 20% or an asymmetrical single-strap athletic bag with a load not exceeding 10% should be recommended for school children in order to promote safer staircase use. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Children carrying heavy school bags may develop spinal problems. This study suggested that when they are using stairs, a symmetrical backpack with a load within 20% body weight is acceptable for them. When they are carrying an asymmetrical single-strap athletic bag, the bag's weight should not exceed 10% of the body weight in order to avoid excessive spinal tilt.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Equipment Design
  • Equipment and Supplies / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Lifting / adverse effects*
  • Male
  • Posture / physiology
  • Safety
  • Spine / physiopathology*
  • Weight-Bearing / physiology*