Targeting epigenetic networks with polypharmacology: a new avenue to tackle cancer

Epigenomics. 2010 Dec;2(6):731-42. doi: 10.2217/epi.10.62.

Abstract

The term 'epigenetic' fuses old and new concepts that refer to the modulation of gene expression in cellular heritability, fate, development and programming-reprogramming other than the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetic control of transcription is regulated by enzymes that mediate covalent modifications at gene-regulatory regions and histone proteins around which chromosomal DNA is wound. Many of the enzymes that mediate chromatin epigenetic reactions are deregulated in diseases such as cancer. Thus, small-molecule inhibitors that target chromatin-modifying enzymes represent a novel option for treatment, and DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors have been approved for cancer treatment. Moreover, other classes of epi-enzymes (MS-275, SAHA) have been demonstrated to have strong disease association, and are currently being targeted for modulation. An epigenetic poly-pharmacological approach targeting multiple chromatin-modifying enzymes may represent a 'smart' option to treat cancer versus the current view on the selective and single pharmacological targeting of epigenetic enzymes.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Chromatin / enzymology*
  • Chromatin / metabolism
  • DNA Methylation / genetics
  • DNA Methylation / physiology*
  • Epigenesis, Genetic / physiology*
  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / metabolism
  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Histones / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Neoplasms / enzymology
  • Polypharmacy*
  • Sirtuins / antagonists & inhibitors

Substances

  • Chromatin
  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
  • Histones
  • Sirtuins