Background: Esophageal xanthoma is a very rare lesion which can be incidentally discovered during endoscopy. Only eleven cases have been reported, including ours.
Case reports: We present two new cases of esophageal xanthoma localized in the lower esophagus in a 56-year-old woman and a 62-year-old man. Endoscopically, esophageal xanthoma appears as yellowish granular spots or a slightly elevated lesion. Microscopically, it consists of fat accumulation in foamy histiocytes beneath the squamous epithelium.
Conclusions: The clinical and pathological importance of these lesions and what they mean in patients is discussed, along with a review of the literature.