Seclusion and restraint in psychiatry: patients' experiences and practical suggestions on how to improve practices and use alternatives

Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2012 Jan;48(1):16-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2010.00301.x. Epub 2011 Feb 16.

Abstract

Purpose: This study explored psychiatric inpatients' experiences of, and their suggestions for, improvement of seclusion/restraint, and alternatives to their use in Finland.

Methods: The data were collected by focused interviews (n= 30) and were analyzed with inductive content analysis.

Results: Patients' perspectives received insufficient attention during seclusion/restraint processes. Improvements (e.g., humane treatment) and alternatives (e.g., empathetic patient-staff interaction) to seclusion/restraint, as suggested by the patients, focused on essential parts of nursing practice but have not been largely adopted.

Practice implications: Patients' basic needs have to be met, and patient-staff interaction has to also continue during seclusion/restraint. Providing patients with meaningful activities, planning beforehand, documenting the patients' wishes, and making patient-staff agreements reduce the need for restrictions and offer alternatives for seclusion/restraint. Service users must be involved in all practical development.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Female
  • Finland
  • Humans
  • Inpatients / psychology*
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders / nursing*
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Participation
  • Psychiatric Department, Hospital / standards*
  • Restraint, Physical / psychology*
  • Social Isolation / psychology*