Seventy-six patients who underwent re-operation for recurrent lumbar disc protrusion were analysed to define the pattern of disc recurrence and the outcome following the operation. Whereas recurrence after an L4/5 discectomy occurred at the same level in 66%, recurrence after an L5/S1 discectomy was as likely to occur at L4/5 as at L5/S1. Outcome was inversely related to the number of operations. A satisfactory outcome after the first procedure was usually associated with a satisfactory ultimate outcome. Associated complications were few but of a severe nature.