Effects of morphine and midazolam on sleep-wake cycling in amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in post-surgical neonates ≥ 32 weeks of gestational age

Neonatology. 2012;101(4):293-300. doi: 10.1159/000334636. Epub 2012 Jan 27.

Abstract

Background: Studies of children who undergo major non-cardiac surgery in the neonatal period are needed so that subsequent abnormal neurodevelopment can be better understood.

Objective: It was the aim of our study to describe the influence of analgesic and sedative medication on the predominant background pattern and the development of sleep-wake cycling (SWC), as measured on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), in newborn infants born ≥ 32 weeks' gestation after major non-cardiac surgery.

Methods: This prospective study included infants ≥ 32(+0) weeks' gestation admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at The Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne who were undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. Data on morphine and midazolam given after surgery were recorded and the BrainZ Monitor was applied post-operatively. The maximum levels of morphine and midazolam were assessed as predictors of time to aEEG outcomes using linear regression.

Results: Forty-seven eligible infants were included. Emergence of SWC was observed at a mean of 13 h after surgery. The maximum dose of morphine or midazolam was not predictive of time to either any or developed SWC.

Conclusions: Despite high doses of morphine and midazolam, SWC was observed on aEEG in neonates ≥ 32 weeks' gestational age soon after major non-cardiac surgery. The aEEG background pattern was not affected by the maximum dose of either morphine or midazolam.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial

MeSH terms

  • Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage
  • Analgesics, Opioid / adverse effects
  • Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacology
  • Electroencephalography / methods*
  • Female
  • Gestational Age
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / administration & dosage
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / adverse effects
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / pharmacology
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant, Newborn, Diseases / drug therapy
  • Infant, Newborn, Diseases / surgery*
  • Infant, Premature, Diseases / drug therapy
  • Infant, Premature, Diseases / surgery
  • Male
  • Midazolam / administration & dosage
  • Midazolam / adverse effects
  • Midazolam / pharmacology*
  • Morphine / administration & dosage
  • Morphine / adverse effects
  • Morphine / pharmacology*
  • Pain, Postoperative / drug therapy*
  • Sleep / drug effects*
  • Sleep / physiology
  • Wakefulness / drug effects*
  • Wakefulness / physiology

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Morphine
  • Midazolam