Maternal self-efficacy reduces the impact of prenatal stress on infant's crying behavior

J Pediatr. 2012 Jul;161(1):104-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.044. Epub 2012 Jan 30.

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether prenatal stress is associated with behavioral and emotional regulation problems (crying/fussing) in infants, after controlling for confounding factors. Furthermore, the study investigated the stress-buffering effect of maternal self-efficacy.

Study design: Data were collected in 120 pregnant women (29 ± 3.2 weeks gestation) and their infants at 6 weeks of age. Expecting mothers completed a structured interview and self-report questionnaires on prenatal stress and self-efficacy. Crying/fussing data were obtained with a validated parental diary.

Results: After controlling for confounding variables, multiple regression analyses show that prenatal stress and self-efficacy accounted for 20% of the variance of infant's fussing and crying behavior. Results suggest a mediating role of self-efficacy. Babies of mothers reporting high levels of prenatal stress cried less when their mother had high levels of self-efficacy compared with mothers with low self-efficacy. In addition, mothers of infants with excessive crying reported more symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety in pregnancy.

Conclusion: To foster the development of well-adapted parent-infant relationships and potentially to reduce infant crying in the early postpartum phase, health care professionals need special education about the effects of prenatal stress and interventions that promote self-efficacy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Crying*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant Behavior*
  • Mother-Child Relations*
  • Mothers / psychology*
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications / psychology*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Self Efficacy*
  • Stress, Psychological / psychology*