Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter that is found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. 5-HT mediates its diverse physiological responses through 7 different 5-HT receptor families: 5-HT(1), 5-HT(2), 5-HT(3), 5-HT(4), 5-HT(5), 5-HT(6), and 5-HT(7) receptors. Among them, the 5-HT(6) receptor (5-HT(6)R) is the most recently cloned serotonin receptor and plays important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the etiology of neurological diseases. Compared to other 5-HT receptors, the 5-HT(6)R has been considered as an attractive CNS therapeutic target because it is expressed exclusively in the CNS and has no known isoforms. This review evaluates in detail the role of the 5-HT(6)R in the physiology and pathophysiology of the CNS and the potential usefulness of 5-HT(6)R ligands in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CNS disorders. Preclinical studies provide support for the use of 5-HT(6)R ligands as promising medications to treat the cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease, obesity, depression, and anxiety.
Keywords: Alzheimer; Fyn; Jab1; ST1936; cognitive disorders; depression.