Update on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, relative dose factors and radiation hygiene

Aust Dent J. 2012 Mar:57 Suppl 1:2-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01665.x.

Abstract

Diagnostic imaging is an indispensable part of contemporary medical and dental practice. Over the last few decades there has been a dramatic increase in the use of ionizing radiation for diagnostic imaging. The carcinogenic effects of high-dose exposure are well known. Does diagnostic radiation rarely cause cancer? We don't know but we should act as if it does. Accordingly, dentists should select patients wisely - only make radiographs when there is patient-specific reason to believe there is a reasonable expectation the radiograph will offer unique information influencing diagnosis or treatment. Low-dose examinations should be made: intraoral imaging - use fast film or digital sensors, thyroid collars, rectangular collimation; panoramic and lateral cephalometric imaging - use digital systems or rare-earth film screen combinations; and cone beam computed tomography - use low-dose machines, restrict field size to region of interest, reduce mA and length of exposure arc as appropriate.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Radiation Dosage*
  • Radiation Injuries / prevention & control
  • Radiation Protection* / instrumentation
  • Radiation Protection* / methods
  • Radiographic Image Enhancement / methods
  • Radiography, Dental* / instrumentation
  • Radiography, Dental, Digital / methods
  • X-Ray Film