Inflammation is a complex integrated host response to infection and injury. Inflammatory cells respond to foreign substances and inflammatory stimulus by producing various chemical bioactive mediators such as prostanoids, cytokines and chemokines. These mediators have complex, pleiotropic effects and interact with many cell types and cellular pathways to amplify the inflammatory response. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to acute and chronic inflammatory diseases necessitating pharmacological intervention to attenuate cellular inflammation pathways. This review focuses on new targets and alternative approaches to the development of novel therapeutics based on the endogenous chemicals mediators and the regulation of the associated cellular pathways that modulate inflammation leading its resolution and patents relevant to these targets.