Rheumatoid arthritis is an independent risk factor for an increased augmentation index regardless of the coexistence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. It was previously shown that the augmentation index (AIx), a marker of vascular dysfunction, is higher in RA patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors than in healthy controls. In this study we determined whether the impact of RA on the AIx is diminished in the context of coexisting, strong cardiovascular risk factors.

Patients and methods: A total of 411 participants were included [203 with RA; 208 in the non-RA (n-RA) group]. Pulse-wave analysis was performed on the radial artery using applanation tonometry. The impact of RA on the AIx was determined in a single and in a multiple linear regression model.

Results: The mean unadjusted AIx was 30.5 ± 9.0% for RA patients and 24.0 ± 11.0% for the n-RA group (P < 0.001). In the regression model, the following variables are statistically significant at approximately the same level (P < 0.001); the order of impact of these variables is age > diastolic blood pressure > sex > RA > height > smoking status. RA, height, and smoking had a nearly equal impact on the AIx.

Conclusions: The AIx is increased in RA patients regardless of the coexistence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, thereby reflecting vascular dysfunction in this population. The impact of RA on the vascular system is comparable to that of smoking.