Epithelial-mesenchymal transition can suppress major attributes of human epithelial tumor-initiating cells

J Clin Invest. 2012 May;122(5):1849-68. doi: 10.1172/JCI59218. Epub 2012 Apr 16.

Abstract

Malignant progression in cancer requires populations of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) endowed with unlimited self renewal, survival under stress, and establishment of distant metastases. Additionally, the acquisition of invasive properties driven by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for the evolution of neoplastic cells into fully metastatic populations. Here, we characterize 2 human cellular models derived from prostate and bladder cancer cell lines to better understand the relationship between TIC and EMT programs in local invasiveness and distant metastasis. The model tumor subpopulations that expressed a strong epithelial gene program were enriched in highly metastatic TICs, while a second subpopulation with stable mesenchymal traits was impoverished in TICs. Constitutive overexpression of the transcription factor Snai1 in the epithelial/TIC-enriched populations engaged a mesenchymal gene program and suppressed their self renewal and metastatic phenotypes. Conversely, knockdown of EMT factors in the mesenchymal-like prostate cancer cell subpopulation caused a gain in epithelial features and properties of TICs. Both tumor cell subpopulations cooperated so that the nonmetastatic mesenchymal-like prostate cancer subpopulation enhanced the in vitro invasiveness of the metastatic epithelial subpopulation and, in vivo, promoted the escape of the latter from primary implantation sites and accelerated their metastatic colonization. Our models provide new insights into how dynamic interactions among epithelial, self-renewal, and mesenchymal gene programs determine the plasticity of epithelial TICs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, Differentiation / genetics
  • Antigens, Differentiation / metabolism
  • Cadherins / genetics
  • Cadherins / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement
  • Cell Shape
  • Coculture Techniques
  • Epithelial Cells / pathology*
  • Epithelial Cells / physiology
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition* / genetics
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Gene Regulatory Networks
  • Homeodomain Proteins / genetics
  • Homeodomain Proteins / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred NOD
  • Mice, SCID
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology*
  • Neoplasm Metastasis / pathology*
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Prostatic Neoplasms
  • Repressor Proteins / genetics
  • Repressor Proteins / metabolism
  • Snail Family Transcription Factors
  • Spheroids, Cellular / metabolism
  • Spheroids, Cellular / pathology
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Twist-Related Protein 1 / genetics
  • Twist-Related Protein 1 / metabolism
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
  • Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1

Substances

  • Antigens, Differentiation
  • Cadherins
  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • Repressor Proteins
  • SNAI1 protein, human
  • Snai1 protein, mouse
  • Snail Family Transcription Factors
  • TWIST2 protein, human
  • Transcription Factors
  • Twist-Related Protein 1
  • ZEB1 protein, human
  • Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1