High diagnostic yield of tuberculosis from screening urine samples from HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Jul 1;60(3):289-94. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318258c6af.

Abstract

We determined the diagnostic yield of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculosis (TB) when testing small volumes of urine from ambulatory HIV-infected patients before starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. Compared with a gold standard of sputum culture, the sensitivity of urine Xpert among those with CD4 cell counts of <50, 50-100, and >100 cells per microliter were 44.4%, 25.0%, and 2.7% (P = 0.001), respectively. Urine Xpert testing provides a means of rapid TB diagnosis in patients with advanced immunodeficiency and poor prognosis. These data are indicative of high rates of TB dissemination and renal involvement in this clinical population.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / diagnosis
  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / urine
  • Adult
  • Antigens, Bacterial / urine
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / complications*
  • Humans
  • Lipopolysaccharides / urine
  • Male
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / immunology
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / isolation & purification
  • Point-of-Care Systems
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • South Africa
  • Sputum / microbiology
  • Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / complications*
  • Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / diagnosis*
  • Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / urine
  • Urinalysis / methods*
  • Urinalysis / statistics & numerical data

Substances

  • Antigens, Bacterial
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • lipoarabinomannan