Direct in vivo evidence of CD4+ T cell requirement for CTL response and memory via pMHC-I targeting and CD40L signaling

J Leukoc Biol. 2012 Aug;92(2):289-300. doi: 10.1189/jlb.1211631. Epub 2012 Apr 27.

Abstract

CD4(+) T cell help contributes critically to DC-induced CD8(+) CTL immunity. However, precisely how these three cell populations interact and how CD4(+) T cell signals are delivered to CD8(+) T cells in vivo have been unclear. In this study, we developed a novel, two-step approach, wherein CD4(+) T cells and antigen-presenting DCs productively engaged one another in vivo in the absence of cognate CD8(+) T cells, after which, we selectively depleted the previously engaged CD4(+) T cells or DCs before allowing interactions of either population alone with naïve CD8(+) T cells. This protocol thus allows us to clearly document the importance of CD4(+) T-licensed DCs and DC-primed CD4(+) T cells in CTL immunity. Here, we provide direct in vivo evidence that primed CD4(+) T cells or licensed DCs can stimulate CTL response and memory, independent of DC-CD4(+) T cell clusters. Our results suggest that primed CD4(+) T cells with acquired pMHC-I from DCs represent crucial "immune intermediates" for rapid induction of CTL responses and for functional memory via CD40L signaling. Importantly, intravital, two-photon microscopy elegantly provide unequivocal in vivo evidence for direct CD4-CD8(+) T cell interactions via pMHC-I engagement. This study corroborates the coexistence of direct and indirect mechanisms of T cell help for a CTL response in noninflammatory situations. These data suggest a new "dynamic model of three-cell interactions" for CTL immunity derived from stimulation by dissociated, licensed DCs, primed CD4(+) T cells, and DC-CD4(+) T cell clusters and may have significant implications for autoimmunity and vaccine design.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • CD40 Ligand / physiology*
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cytotoxicity, Immunologic*
  • Female
  • Gene Targeting / methods
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / immunology
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / metabolism*
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / physiology*
  • Immunologic Memory*
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Signal Transduction / immunology*

Substances

  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
  • CD40 Ligand