Research chemicals marketed as legal highs: the case of pipradrol derivatives

Abstract

Between 1997 and 2011, more than 200 new substances were notified through the early-warning system, with the record number of 49 novel molecules reported in 2011. The pattern of acute toxicity associated with the consumption of these new substances is generally similar to that seen with traditional drugs of abuse. Recently, a new class of synthetic stimulants closely related to pyrrolidine and piperidine compounds and known as pipradrol derivatives appeared in the recreational drug market. These substances, producing amphetamine-like effects, are used by people in substitution of traditional illicit drugs. The aim of this paper is to summarize the clinical, pharmacological and toxicological information currently available about this new class of synthetic drugs of abuse.