Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012 May;69(5):499-505.
doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1487.

Effect of purpose in life on the relation between Alzheimer disease pathologic changes on cognitive function in advanced age

Patricia A Boyle  1 , Aron S Buchman, Robert S Wilson, Lei Yu, Julie A Schneider, David A Bennett
Affiliations

Effect of purpose in life on the relation between Alzheimer disease pathologic changes on cognitive function in advanced age

Patricia A Boyle et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012 May.

Abstract

Context: Purpose in life is associated with a substantially reduced risk of Alzheimer disease (AD), but the neurobiologic basis of this protective effect remains unknown.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that purpose in life reduces the deleterious effects of AD pathologic changes on cognition in advanced age.

Design: A longitudinal, epidemiologic, clinicopathologic study of aging was conducted that included detailed annual clinical evaluations and brain autopsy.

Participants: Two hundred forty-six community-based older persons from the Rush Memory and Aging Project participated.

Main outcome measures: Purpose in life was assessed via structured interview, and cognitive function was evaluated annually and proximate to death. On postmortem examination, 3 indexes of AD pathologic features were quantified: global AD pathologic changes, amyloid, and tangles. The associations of disease pathologic changes and purpose in life with cognition were examined using linear regression and mixed models.

Results: Purpose in life modified the association between the global measure of AD pathologic changes and cognition (mean [SE] parameter estimate, 0.532 [0.211]; P = .01), such that participants who reported higher levels of purpose in life exhibited better cognitive function despite the burden of the disease. Purpose in life also reduced the association of tangles with cognition (parameter estimate, 0.042 [0.019]; P = .03), and the protective effect of purpose in life persisted even after controlling for several potentially confounding variables. Furthermore, in analyses examining whether purpose in life modified the association between AD pathologic effects and the rate of cognitive decline, we found that higher levels of purpose in life reduced the effect of AD pathologic changes on cognitive decline (parameter estimate, 0.085 [0.039]; P = .03).

Conclusion: Higher levels of purpose in life reduce the deleterious effects of AD pathologic changes on cognition in advanced age.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Predicted association between Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologic changes and global cognitive function. The illustrated association was derived from a linear regression model with terms for age, sex, educational level, main effects for purpose in life and global AD pathologic changes, and the interaction of purpose in life with pathologic changes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Predicted association between neurofibrillary tangles and global cognitive function. The illustrated association was derived from a linear regression model with terms for age, sex, educational level, main effects for purpose in life and tangle pathologic changes, and the interaction of purpose in life with pathologic changes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Predicted association between Alzheimer disease pathologic changes and rate of decline in global cognitive function. The graph illustrates the predicted associations among persons with high (75th percentile) and low (25th percentile) purpose in life and high (75th percentile) and low (25th percentile) pathologic changes derived from a mixed model controlled for age, sex, and educational level.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Stern Y. Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia. 2009;47(10):2015–2028. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fratiglioni L, Wang HX, Ericsson K, Maytan M, Winblad B. Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: a community-based longitudinal study. Lancet. 2000;355(9212):1315–1319. - PubMed
    1. Scarmeas N, Stern Y. Cognitive reserve and lifestyle. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003;25(5):625–633. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Scarmeas N, Zarahn E, Anderson KE, Habeck CG, Hilton J, Flynn J, Marder KS, Bell KL, Sackeim HA, Van Heertum RL, Moeller JR, Stern Y. Association of life activities with cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease: implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Arch Neurol. 2003;60(3):359–365. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wilson RS, Schneider JA, Arnold SE, Bienias JL, Bennett DA. Conscientiousness and the incidence of Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(10):1204–1212. - PubMed

Publication types