The stability of illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater, an important issue for sewage epidemiology?

J Hazard Mater. 2012 Nov 15:239-240:19-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.030. Epub 2012 Apr 21.

Abstract

The stability of nine illicit drugs and metabolites in influent wastewater at relevant conditions (20 °C and at pH 7.5) was evaluated during 26 h (in 1 h intervals) to assess whether significant in-sewer processes of degradation or formation occur. This assessment is important for the sewage epidemiology approach, which uses concentrations of illicit drugs and metabolites in influent wastewater to back-calculate amounts of these substances used by a community or population. The results of this study showed that amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy and EDDP (metabolite of methadone) are stable in wastewater for 12 h and longer. For benzoylecgonine and methadone, a modest formation in the course of time was observed (0.2% per h and 0.4% per h, respectively), while for cocaine (40% degradation after 12 h), ecgonine methylester (20% degradation after 12 h), and 6-monoacetylmorphine (20% degradation after 12 h), a clear decrease in concentrations in time was seen. These findings suggest that for compounds with a significant stability issue, it is important to take their behavior into account when performing back-calculations in sewage epidemiology. However, this study also highlights the need of future research regarding transformation pathways of the individual compounds.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Illicit Drugs / analysis*
  • Illicit Drugs / chemistry
  • Sewage / analysis*
  • Temperature
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / chemistry

Substances

  • Illicit Drugs
  • Sewage
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical