1,4-Dihydropyridine scaffold in medicinal chemistry, the story so far and perspectives (part 2): action in other targets and antitargets

Curr Med Chem. 2012;19(25):4306-23. doi: 10.2174/092986712802884204.

Abstract

1,4-Dihydropyridines were introduced in the last century for the treatment of coronary diseases. Then medicinal chemists decorated the 1,4-DHP nucleus, the most studied scaffold among L-type calcium channel blockers, achieving diverse activities at several receptors, channels and enzymes. We already described (Ioan et al. Curr. Med. Chem. 2011, 18, 4901-4922) the effects of 1,4-DHPs at ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors. In this paper we continue the analysis of the wide range of biological effects exerted by compounds belonging to this chemical class. In particular, focus is given to the ability of 1,4-DHPs to revert multi drug resistance that, after over 20 years of research, continues to be of great interest. We also describe activities on other targets and the action of 1,4-DHPs against several diseases. Finally, we report and review the interaction of 1,4-DHPs with the hERG channel, transporters and phase I metabolizing enzymes. This work is a starting point for further exploration of the 1,4-DHP core activities on targets, off-targets and antitargets.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease / drug therapy
  • Animals
  • Antitubercular Agents / chemistry
  • Antitubercular Agents / pharmacology
  • Antitubercular Agents / therapeutic use
  • Atherosclerosis / drug therapy
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / metabolism
  • Dihydropyridines / chemistry*
  • Dihydropyridines / pharmacology*
  • Dihydropyridines / therapeutic use
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Platelet Activating Factor / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Tuberculosis / drug therapy

Substances

  • Antitubercular Agents
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Dihydropyridines
  • Platelet Activating Factor
  • 1,4-dihydropyridine
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System