Perceived regard explains self- esteem differences in expressivity

Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2012 Sep;38(9):1144-56. doi: 10.1177/0146167212445790. Epub 2012 Jun 18.

Abstract

Baumeister, Tice, and Hutton proposed that individuals with low self-esteem (LSEs) adopt a more cautious, self-protective self-presentational style than individuals with high self-esteem (HSEs). The authors predicted that LSEs' self-protectiveness leads them to be less expressive--less revealing of their thoughts and feelings--with others than HSEs, and that this self-esteem difference is mediated by their perceptions of the interaction partner's regard for them. Two correlational studies supported these predictions (Studies 1 and 2). Moreover, LSEs became more expressive when their perceived regard was experimentally heightened--when they imagined speaking to someone who was unconditionally accepting rather than judgmental (Study 3) and when their perceptions of regard were increased through Marigold, Holmes, and Ross's compliment-reframing task (Study 4). These findings suggest that LSEs' expressiveness can be heightened through interventions that reduce their concerns about social acceptance.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adaptation, Psychological
  • Adult
  • Communication
  • Emotions*
  • Facial Expression*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Interpersonal Relations*
  • Male
  • Motivation
  • Perception
  • Self Concept*
  • Social Perception*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires