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. 2012 Jul 10:345:e4230.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.e4230.

Long term alcohol intake and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a population based cohort study

Daniela Di Giuseppe  1 , Lars Alfredsson, Matteo Bottai, Johan Askling, Alicja Wolk
Affiliations

Long term alcohol intake and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a population based cohort study

Daniela Di Giuseppe et al. BMJ. .

Abstract

Objective: To analyse the association between alcohol intake and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in women.

Design: Prospective cohort study with repeated measurements.

Setting: The Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population based cohort from central Sweden.

Participants: 34,141 women born between 1914 and 1948, followed up from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2009.

Main outcome measures: Newly diagnosed cases of rheumatoid arthritis identified by linkage with two Swedish national registers. Data on alcohol consumption were collected in 1987 and 1997.

Results: During the follow-up period (226,032 person years), 197 incident cases of rheumatoid arthritis were identified. There was a statistically significant 37% decrease in risk of rheumatoid arthritis among women who drank >4 glasses of alcohol (1 glass = 15 g of ethanol) per week compared with women who drank <1 glass per week or who never drank alcohol (relative risk 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.96), P = 0.04). Drinking of all types of alcohol (beer, wine, and liquor) was non-significantly inversely associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Analysis of long term alcohol consumption showed that women who reported drinking >3 glasses of alcohol per week in both 1987 and 1997 had a 52% decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis compared with those who never drank (relative risk 0.48 (0.24 to 0.98)).

Conclusion: Moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on request from the corresponding author) and declare: no support from any organisation for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years, no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

None
Fig 1 Dose-response relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) of rheumatoid arthritis by alcohol consumption (glasses of alcohol/week). Model was adjusted for age (continuous), parity (quartiles), and smoking status (never, former, current ≤10 cigarettes/day, or >10 cigarettes/day). Tick marks represent distribution of cases according to alcohol intake
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