Fracture of the lower cervical spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Retrospective study of 19 cases

Abstract

Introduction: Controversy exists surrounding optimal treatment of cervical spine fractures secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Hypothesis: The anterior approach is an effective surgical technique for these fractures and can be used to correct the AS-induced cervical-thoracic kyphosis.

Materials and methods: This continuous, retrospective series between 1990 and 2010 included 19 patients aged 33 to 84 years who presented with a lower cervical spine fracture in the context of AS. The average follow-up was 45 months. Sixteen of these patients were surgically treated using an anterior approach and anterior fixation. In five patients without any neurological deficit, their cervical-thoracic kyphosis was corrected during the same surgery. Regional kyphosis was measured before the surgery, immediately after the surgery and at the last follow-up.

Results: Five deaths occurred; these were all patients with post-traumatic complete quadriplegia. Most the incomplete neurological problems improved (66%). In no cases did the neurological condition worsen. Among the 16 patients operated with the anterior approach, two patients also required an additional procedure with a posterior approach because of a persistent neurological deficit. The fractures in the operated patients who survived (14 patients) had healed within an average 4-month delay (range 3-7 months), without worsening of the kyphosis at final follow-up. In the five cases where the kyphosis was corrected, the correction averaged 26° (range 18-36°); there were no neurological complications.

Discussion: Based on these results, we suggest using the anterior approach to perform internal fixation as a treatment for cervical fractures secondary to AS and to correct the cervical-thoracic kyphosis in patients without neurological deficits.

Level of evidence: Level IV - retrospective study.